GOLD(1)

NAME
gold - The GNU ELF linker

SYNOPSIS
ld.gold [options] file...

OPTIONS

--help
    Report usage information

-v, --version
    Report version information

-V  Report version and target information

--add-needed
    Not supported

--no-add-needed
    Do not copy DT_NEEDED tags from shared libraries (default)

--allow-multiple-definition Allow multiple definitions of symbols

--no-allow-multiple-definition
    Do not allow multiple definitions (default)

--allow-shlib-undefined
    Allow unresolved references in shared libraries

--no-allow-shlib-undefined
    Do not allow unresolved references in shared libraries (default)

--apply-dynamic-relocs
    Apply link-time values for dynamic relocations (default)

--no-apply-dynamic-relocs
    (aarch64 only) Do not apply link-time values for dynamic relocations

--as-needed
    Use DT_NEEDED only for shared libraries that are used

--no-as-needed
    Use DT_NEEDED for all shared libraries (default)

-assert [ignored]
    Ignored

-b [elf,binary], --format [elf,binary]
    Set input format

--be8
    Output BE8 format image

--build-id [=STYLE]
    Generate build ID note

--build-id-chunk-size-for-treehash SIZE
    Chunk size for '--build-id=tree'

--build-id-min-file-size-for-treehash SIZE
    Minimum output file size for '--build-id=tree' to work differently than '--build-id=sha1'

-Bdynamic -l searches for shared libraries (default)

-Bstatic -l does not search for shared libraries

-dy alias for -Bdynamic (default)

-dn alias for -Bstatic

-Bgroup
    Use group name lookup rules for shared library

-Bshareable
    Generate shared library (alias for -G/-shared)

-Bno-symbolic
    Don't bind default visibility defined symbols locally for -shared (default)

-Bsymbolic-functions
    Bind default visibility defined function symbols locally for -shared

-Bsymbolic
    Bind default visibility defined symbols locally for -shared

--check-sections
    Check segment addresses for overlaps (default)

--no-check-sections
    Do not check segment addresses for overlaps

--compress-debug-sections [none,zlib,zlib-gnu,zlib-gabi,zstd]
    Compress .debug_* sections in the output file

--copy-dt-needed-entries
    Not supported

--no-copy-dt-needed-entries Do not copy DT_NEEDED tags from shared libraries (default)

--cref
    Output cross reference table

--no-cref
    Do not output cross reference table (default)

--ctors-in-init-array
    Use DT_INIT_ARRAY for all constructors (default)

--no-ctors-in-init-array
    Handle constructors as directed by compiler

-d, --define-common
    Define common symbols

--no-define-common
    Do not define common symbols in relocatable output (default)

-dc Alias for -d

-dp Alias for -d

--debug [all,files,script,task][,...]
    Turn on debugging

--defsym SYMBOL=EXPRESSION
    Define a symbol

--demangle [=STYLE]
    Demangle C++ symbols in log messages

--no-demangle
    Do not demangle C++ symbols in log messages

--dependency-file FILE
    Write a dependency file listing all files read

--detect-odr-violations
    Look for violations of the C++ One Definition Rule

--no-detect-odr-violations
    Do not look for violations of the C++ One Definition Rule (default)

--dynamic-list-data
    Add data symbols to dynamic symbols

--dynamic-list-cpp-new
    Add C++ operator new/delete to dynamic symbols

--dynamic-list-cpp-typeinfo Add C++ typeinfo to dynamic symbols

--dynamic-list FILE
    Read a list of dynamic symbols

--emit-stub-syms
    (PowerPC only) Label linker stubs with a symbol (default)

--no-emit-stub-syms
    (PowerPC only) Do not label linker stubs with a symbol

-e ADDRESS, --entry ADDRESS Set program start address

--eh-frame-hdr
    Create exception frame header

--no-eh-frame-hdr
    Do not create exception frame header (default)

--enable-new-dtags
    Enable use of DT_RUNPATH (default)

--disable-new-dtags
    Disable use of DT_RUNPATH

--enable-linker-version
    Put the linker version string into the .comment section

--disable-linker-version
    Put the linker version string into the .note.gnu.gold-version section (default)

--no-enum-size-warning
    (ARM only) Do not warn about objects with incompatible enum sizes

--exclude-libs lib,lib ...
    Exclude libraries from automatic export

-E, --export-dynamic
    Export all dynamic symbols

--no-export-dynamic
    Do not export all dynamic symbols (default)

--export-dynamic-symbol SYMBOL
    Export SYMBOL to dynamic symbol table

-EB Link big-endian objects.

-EL Link little-endian objects.

-f SHLIB, --auxiliary SHLIB Auxiliary filter for shared object symbol table

-F SHLIB, --filter SHLIB
    Filter for shared object symbol table

--fatal-warnings
    Treat warnings as errors

--no-fatal-warnings
    Do not treat warnings as errors (default)

-fini SYMBOL
    Call SYMBOL at unload-time

--fix-arm1176
    (ARM only) Fix binaries for ARM1176 erratum (default)

--no-fix-arm1176
    (ARM only) Do not fix binaries for ARM1176 erratum

--fix-cortex-a8
    (ARM only) Fix binaries for Cortex-A8 erratum

--no-fix-cortex-a8
    (ARM only) Do not fix binaries for Cortex-A8 erratum (default)

--fix-cortex-a53-843419
    (AArch64 only) Fix Cortex-A53 erratum 843419

--no-fix-cortex-a53-843419
    (AArch64 only) Do not fix Cortex-A53 erratum 843419 (default)

--fix-cortex-a53-835769
    (AArch64 only) Fix Cortex-A53 erratum 835769

--no-fix-cortex-a53-835769
    (AArch64 only) Do not fix Cortex-A53 erratum 835769 (default)

--fix-v4bx
    (ARM only) Rewrite BX rn as MOV pc, rn for ARMv4

--fix-v4bx-interworking
    (ARM only) Rewrite BX rn branch to ARMv4 interworking veneer

-fuse-ld [gold,bfd]
    Ignored for GCC linker option compatibility

-g  Ignored

--gc-sections
    Remove unused sections

--no-gc-sections
    Don't remove unused sections (default)

--gdb-index
    Generate .gdb_index section

--no-gdb-index
    Do not generate .gdb_index section (default)

--gnu-unique
    Enable STB_GNU_UNIQUE symbol binding (default)

--no-gnu-unique
    Disable STB_GNU_UNIQUE symbol binding

-G, -shared
    Generate shared library

-h FILENAME, -soname FILENAME
    Set shared library name

--hash-bucket-empty-fraction FRACTION
    Min fraction of empty buckets in dynamic hash

--hash-style [sysv,gnu,both]
    Dynamic hash style

-i  Alias for -r

--icf [none,all,safe]
    Identical Code Folding. '--icf=safe' Folds ctors, dtors and functions whose pointers are definitely not taken

--icf-iterations COUNT
    Number of iterations of ICF (default 3)

--incremental
    Do an incremental link if possible; otherwise, do a full link and prepare output for incremental linking

--no-incremental
    Do a full link (default)

--incremental-full
    Do a full link and prepare output for incremental linking

--incremental-update
    Do an incremental link; exit if not possible

--incremental-base FILE
    Set base file for incremental linking (default is output file)

--incremental-changed
    Assume files changed

--incremental-unchanged
    Assume files didn't change

--incremental-unknown
    Use timestamps to check files (default)

--incremental-startup-unchanged
    Assume startup files unchanged (files preceding this option)

--incremental-patch PERCENT Amount of extra space to allocate for patches (default 10)

-init SYMBOL
    Call SYMBOL at load-time

-I PROGRAM, --dynamic-linker PROGRAM
    Set dynamic linker path

--just-symbols FILE
    Read only symbol values from FILE

--keep-files-mapped
    Keep files mapped across passes (default on 64bit architectures)

--no-keep-files-mapped
    Release mapped files after each pass (default on 32bit architectures)

--keep-unique SYMBOL
    Do not fold this symbol during ICF

-l LIBNAME, --library LIBNAME
    Search for library LIBNAME

--ld-generated-unwind-info
    Generate unwind information for PLT (default)

--no-ld-generated-unwind-info
    Do not generate unwind information for PLT

-L DIR, --library-path DIR
    Add directory to search path

--long-plt
    (ARM only) Generate long PLT entries

--no-long-plt
    (ARM only) Do not generate long PLT entries (default)

-m EMULATION
    Set GNU linker emulation; obsolete

--map-whole-files
    Map whole files to memory (default on 64bit architectures)

--no-map-whole-files
    Map relevant file parts to memory (default on 32bit architectures)

--merge-exidx-entries
    (ARM only) Merge exidx entries in debuginfo (default)

--no-merge-exidx-entries
    (ARM only) Do not merge exidx entries in debuginfo

--mmap-output-file
    Map the output file for writing (default)

--no-mmap-output-file
    Do not map the output file for writing

-M, --print-map
    Write map file on standard output

-Map MAPFILENAME
    Write map file

-n, --nmagic
    Do not page align data

-N, --omagic
    Do not page align data, do not make text readonly

--no-omagic
    Page align data, make text readonly (default)

--no-keep-memory
    Use less memory and more disk I/O (included only for compatibility with GNU ld)

--no-undefined
    Report undefined symbols (even with --shared)

--noinhibit-exec
    Create an output file even if errors occur

-nostdlib
    Only search directories specified on the command line

-o FILE, --output FILE
    Set output file name

--oformat [binary]
    Set output format

-O LEVEL, -optimize LEVEL
    Optimize output file size

--orphan-handling [place,discard,warn,error]
    Orphan section handling

-p  Ignored for ARM compatibility

--package-metadata [=JSON]
    Generate package metadata note

-pie
    Create a position independent executable

-no-pie
    Do not create a position independent executable (default)

--pic-executable
    Create a position independent executable

--no-pic-executable
    Do not create a position independent executable (default)

--pic-veneer
    Force PIC sequences for ARM/Thumb interworking veneers

-no-pipeline-knowledge
    (ARM only) Ignore for backward compatibility (default)

--plt-align [=P2ALIGN]
    (PowerPC only) Align PLT call stubs to fit cache lines

--plt-localentry
    (PowerPC64 only) Optimize calls to ELFv2 localentry:0 functions

--no-plt-localentry
    (PowerPC64 only) Don't optimize ELFv2 calls (default)

--plt-static-chain
    (PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs should load r11

--no-plt-static-chain
    (PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs should not load r11 (default)

--plt-thread-safe
    (PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs with load-load barrier

--no-plt-thread-safe
    (PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs without barrier (default)

--plugin PLUGIN
    Load a plugin library

--plugin-opt OPTION
    Pass an option to the plugin

--posix-fallocate
    Use posix_fallocate to reserve space in the output file (default)

--no-posix-fallocate
    Use fallocate or ftruncate to reserve space

--power10-stubs [=auto,no,yes]
    (PowerPC64 only) stubs use power10 insns

--no-power10-stubs
    (PowerPC64 only) stubs do not use power10 insns

--preread-archive-symbols
    Preread archive symbols when multi-threaded

--print-gc-sections
    List removed unused sections on stderr

--no-print-gc-sections
    Do not list removed unused sections (default)

--print-icf-sections
    List folded identical sections on stderr

--no-print-icf-sections
    Do not list folded identical sections (default)

--print-output-format
    Print default output format

--print-symbol-counts FILENAME
    Print symbols defined and used for each input

--push-state
    Save the state of flags related to input files

--pop-state
    Restore the state of flags related to input files

-q, --emit-relocs
    Generate relocations in output

-Qy Ignored for SVR4 compatibility

-r, -relocatable
    Generate relocatable output

--relax
    Relax branches on certain targets

--no-relax
    Do not relax branches (default)

--retain-symbols-file FILE
    keep only symbols listed in this file

--rosegment
    Put read-only non-executable sections in their own segment

--no-rosegment
    Do not put read-only non-executable sections in their own segment (default)

--rosegment-gap OFFSET
    Set offset between executable and read-only segments

-R DIR
    Add DIR to runtime search path

-rpath DIR
    Add DIR to runtime search path

--rpath-link DIR
    Add DIR to link time shared library search path

-s, --strip-all
    Strip all symbols

-S, --strip-debug
    Strip debugging information

--strip-debug-non-line
    Emit only debug line number information

--strip-debug-gdb
    Strip debug symbols that are unused by gdb (at least versions <= 7.4)

--strip-lto-sections
    Strip LTO intermediate code sections (default)

--section-ordering-file FILENAME
    Layout sections in the order specified

--section-start SECTION=ADDRESS
    Set address of section

--secure-plt
    (PowerPC only) Use new-style PLT (default)

--sort-common [={ascending,descending}]
    Sort common symbols by alignment

--sort-section [none,name]
    Sort sections by name. '--no-text-reorder' will override '--sort-section=name' for .text

--spare-dynamic-tags COUNT
    Dynamic tag slots to reserve (default 5)

--stub-group-size SIZE
    (ARM, PowerPC only) The maximum distance from instructions in a group of sections to their stubs. Negative values mean stubs are always after the group. 1 means use default size

--stub-group-multi
    (PowerPC only) Allow a group of stubs to serve multiple output sections (default)

--no-stub-group-multi
    (PowerPC only) Each output section has its own stubs

--split-stack-adjust-size SIZE
    Stack size when -fsplit-stack function calls non-split

-static
    Do not link against shared libraries

--start-lib
    Start a library

--end-lib
    End a library

--stats
    Print resource usage statistics

--sysroot DIR
    Set target system root directory

-t, --trace
    Print the name of each input file

--target1-abs
    (ARM only) Force R_ARM_TARGET1 type to R_ARM_ABS32

--target1-rel
    (ARM only) Force R_ARM_TARGET1 type to R_ARM_REL32

--target2 [rel, abs, got-rel
    (ARM only) Set R_ARM_TARGET2 relocation type

--text-reorder
    Enable text section reordering for GCC section names (default)

--no-text-reorder
    Disable text section reordering for GCC section names

--threads
    Run the linker multi-threaded

--no-threads
    Do not run the linker multi-threaded (default)

--thread-count COUNT
    Number of threads to use

--thread-count-initial COUNT
    Number of threads to use in initial pass

--thread-count-middle COUNT Number of threads to use in middle pass

--thread-count-final COUNT
    Number of threads to use in final pass

--tls-optimize
    (PowerPC/64 only) Optimize GD/LD/IE code to IE/LE (default)

--no-tls-optimize
    (PowerPC/64 only) Don'''t try to optimize TLS accesses

--tls-get-addr-optimize
    (PowerPC/64 only) Use a special __tls_get_addr call (default)

--no-tls-get-addr-optimize
    (PowerPC/64 only) Don't use a special __tls_get_addr call

--toc-optimize
    (PowerPC64 only) Optimize TOC code sequences (default)

--no-toc-optimize
    (PowerPC64 only) Don't optimize TOC code sequences

--toc-sort
    (PowerPC64 only) Sort TOC and GOT sections (default)

--no-toc-sort
    (PowerPC64 only) Don't sort TOC and GOT sections

-T FILE, --script FILE
    Read linker script

-Tbss ADDRESS
    Set the address of the bss segment

-Tdata ADDRESS
    Set the address of the data segment

-Ttext ADDRESS
    Set the address of the text segment

-Ttext-segment ADDRESS
    Set the address of the text segment

-Trodata-segment ADDRESS
    Set the address of the rodata segment

-u SYMBOL, --undefined SYMBOL
    Create undefined reference to SYMBOL

--unresolved-symbols ignore-all,report-all,ignore-in-object-files,ignore-in-shared-libs
    How to handle unresolved symbols

--verbose
    Alias for --debug=files

--version-script FILE
    Read version script

--warn-common
    Warn about duplicate common symbols

--no-warn-common
    Do not warn about duplicate common symbols (default)

--warn-constructors
    Ignored

--no-warn-constructors
    Ignored

--warn-drop-version
    Warn when discarding version information

--no-warn-drop-version
    Do not warn when discarding version information (default)

--warn-execstack
    Warn if the stack is executable

--no-warn-execstack
    Do not warn if the stack is executable (default)

--no-warn-mismatch
    Don't warn about mismatched input files

--warn-multiple-gp
    Ignored

--warn-search-mismatch
    Warn when skipping an incompatible library (default)

--no-warn-search-mismatch
    Don't warn when skipping an incompatible library

--warn-shared-textrel
    Warn if text segment is not shareable

--no-warn-shared-textrel
    Do not warn if text segment is not shareable (default)

--warn-unresolved-symbols
    Report unresolved symbols as warnings

--error-unresolved-symbols
    Report unresolved symbols as errors (default)

-z buildd
    Dummy z option

--no-wchar-size-warning
    (ARM only) Do not warn about objects with incompatible wchar_t sizes

--weak-unresolved-symbols
    Convert unresolved symbols to weak references

--whole-archive
    Include all archive contents

--no-whole-archive
    Include only needed archive contents (default)

--wrap SYMBOL
    Use wrapper functions for SYMBOL

-x, --discard-all
    Delete all local symbols

-X, --discard-locals
    Delete all temporary local symbols

--discard-none
    Keep all local symbols

-y SYMBOL, --trace-symbol SYMBOL
    Trace references to symbol

--undefined-version
    Allow unused version in script (default)

--no-undefined-version
    Do not allow unused version in script

-Y PATH
    Default search path for Solaris compatibility

-(, --start-group
    Start a library search group

-), --end-group
    End a library search group

-z combreloc
    Sort dynamic relocs (default)

-z nocombreloc
    Do not sort dynamic relocs

-z common-page-size=SIZE
    Set common page size to SIZE

-z defs
    Report undefined symbols (even with --shared)

-z execstack
    Mark output as requiring executable stack

-z global
    Make symbols in DSO available for subsequently loaded objects

-z initfirst
    Mark DSO to be initialized first at runtime

-z interpose
    Mark object to interpose all DSOs but executable

-z unique
    Mark DSO to be loaded at most once, and only in the main namespace

-z nounique
    Do not mark the DSO as one to be loaded only in the main namespace (default)

-z lazy
    Mark object for lazy runtime binding (default)

-z loadfltr
    Mark object requiring immediate process

-z max-page-size=SIZE
    Set maximum page size to SIZE

-z muldefs
    Allow multiple definitions of symbols

-z nocopyreloc
    Do not create copy relocs

-z nodefaultlib
    Mark object not to use default search paths

-z nodelete
    Mark DSO non-deletable at runtime

-z nodlopen
    Mark DSO not available to dlopen

-z nodump
    Mark DSO not available to dldump

-z noexecstack
    Mark output as not requiring executable stack

-z now
    Mark object for immediate function binding

-z origin
    Mark DSO to indicate that needs immediate $ORIGIN processing at runtime

-z relro
    Where possible mark variables read-only after relocation (default)

-z norelro
    Don't mark variables read-only after relocation

-z stack-size=SIZE
    Set PT_GNU_STACK segment p_memsz to SIZE

-z start-stop-visibility=[default,internal,hidden,protected]
    ELF symbol visibility for synthesized __start_* and __stop_* symbols

-z text
    Do not permit relocations in read-only segments

-z notext
    Permit relocations in read-only segments (default)

-z textoff
    Permit relocations in read-only segments (default)

-z text-unlikely-segment
    Move .text.unlikely sections to a separate segment.

-z notext-unlikely-segment
    Do not move .text.unlikely sections to a separate segment. (default)

-z keep-text-section-prefix Keep .text.hot, .text.startup, .text.exit and .text.unlikely as separate sections in the final binary.

-z nokeep-text-section-prefix
    Merge all .text.* prefix sections. (default)

Run gold --help for a list of supported targets and emulations.

REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/>

COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version. This program has absolutely no warranty.