/* -*- c-file-style: "gnu" -*-
 * Switch to new root directory and start init.
 *
 * Copyright 2011,2012,2013 Colin Walters <walters@verbum.org>
 *
 * Based on code from util-linux/sys-utils/switch_root.c,
 * Copyright 2002-2009 Red Hat, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 * Authors:
 *  Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
 *  Jeremy Katz <katzj@redhat.com>
 *
 * Relicensed with permission to LGPLv2+.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.0+
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/* The high level goal of this code is to run inside
 * the initial ram disk (if one is in use) and set up the `/` mountpoint
 * to be the deployment root, using the ostree= kernel commandline
 * argument to find the target deployment root.
 *
 * It's really the heart of how ostree works - basically multiple
 * hardlinked chroot() targets are maintained, this one does the equivalent
 * of chroot().
 *
 * This -static.c variant of ostree-prepare-root is designed for
 * the case where an initrd isn't used - instead the binary must be statically linked (and the
 * kernel must have mounted the rootfs itself) - then we set things up and exec the real init
 * directly.  This can be popular in embedded systems to increase bootup speed.
 *
 * Note that as of lately, good tools exist for embedding an initramfs
 * inside a kernel binary, and this can help avoid static linking.
 */

#include "config.h"

#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

// A temporary mount point
#define TMP_SYSROOT "/sysroot.tmp"

#include "ostree-mount-util.h"

static inline bool
sysroot_is_configured_ro (const char *sysroot)
{
  char *config_path = NULL;
  assert (asprintf (&config_path, "%s/ostree/repo/config", sysroot) != -1);
  FILE *f = fopen (config_path, "r");
  if (!f)
    {
      fprintf (stderr, "Missing expected repo config: %s\n", config_path);
      free (config_path);
      return false;
    }
  free (config_path);

  bool ret = false;
  char *line = NULL;
  size_t len = 0;
  /* Note getline() will reuse the previous buffer */
  bool in_sysroot = false;
  while (getline (&line, &len, f) != -1)
    {
      /* This is an awful hack to avoid depending on GLib in the
       * initramfs right now.
       */
      if (strstr (line, "[sysroot]") == line)
        in_sysroot = true;
      else if (*line == '[')
        in_sysroot = false;
      else if (in_sysroot && strstr (line, "readonly=true") == line)
        {
          ret = true;
          break;
        }
    }

  fclose (f);
  free (line);
  return ret;
}

static char *
resolve_deploy_path (const char *root_mountpoint)
{
  char destpath[PATH_MAX];
  struct stat stbuf;
  char *deploy_path;
  autofree char *kernel_cmdline = read_proc_cmdline ();
  if (!kernel_cmdline)
    errx (EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to read kernel cmdline");
  autofree char *ostree_cmdline = find_proc_cmdline_key (kernel_cmdline, "ostree");

  if (snprintf (destpath, sizeof (destpath), "%s/%s", root_mountpoint, ostree_cmdline) < 0)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to assemble ostree target path");
  if (lstat (destpath, &stbuf) < 0)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "Couldn't find specified OSTree root '%s'", destpath);
  if (!S_ISLNK (stbuf.st_mode))
    errx (EXIT_FAILURE, "OSTree target is not a symbolic link: %s", destpath);
  deploy_path = realpath (destpath, NULL);
  if (deploy_path == NULL)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "realpath(%s) failed", destpath);
  if (stat (deploy_path, &stbuf) < 0)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "stat(%s) failed", deploy_path);
    /* Quiet logs if there's no journal */
#ifdef USE_LIBSYSTEMD
  const char *resolved_path = deploy_path + strlen (root_mountpoint);
  sd_journal_send ("MESSAGE=Resolved OSTree target to: %s", deploy_path,
                   "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR,
                   SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL (OSTREE_PREPARE_ROOT_DEPLOYMENT_MSG), "DEPLOYMENT_PATH=%s",
                   resolved_path, "DEPLOYMENT_DEVICE=%" PRIu64, (uint64_t)stbuf.st_dev,
                   "DEPLOYMENT_INODE=%" PRIu64, (uint64_t)stbuf.st_ino, NULL);
#endif
  return deploy_path;
}

static int
pivot_root (const char *new_root, const char *put_old)
{
  return syscall (__NR_pivot_root, new_root, put_old);
}

int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  char srcpath[PATH_MAX];

  /* If we're pid 1, that means there's no initramfs; in this situation
   * various defaults change:
   *
   * - Assume that the target root is /
   * - Quiet logging as there's no journal
   * etc.
   */
  bool running_as_pid1 = (getpid () == 1);
  assert (running_as_pid1);

  const char *root_arg = "/";
  root_arg = "/";

  struct stat stbuf;
  bool we_mounted_proc = false;
  if (stat ("/proc/cmdline", &stbuf) < 0)
    {
      if (errno != ENOENT)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "stat(\"/proc/cmdline\") failed");
      /* We need /proc mounted for /proc/cmdline and realpath (on musl) to
       * work: */
      if (mount ("proc", "/proc", "proc", MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to mount proc on /proc");
      we_mounted_proc = true;
    }

  /* This is the final target where we should prepare the rootfs.  The usual
   * case with systemd in the initramfs is that root_mountpoint = "/sysroot".
   * In the fastboot embedded case we're pid1 and will setup / ourself, and
   * then root_mountpoint = "/".
   * */
  const char *root_mountpoint = realpath (root_arg, NULL);
  if (root_mountpoint == NULL)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "realpath(\"%s\")", root_arg);
  char *deploy_path = resolve_deploy_path (root_mountpoint);

  if (we_mounted_proc)
    {
      /* Leave the filesystem in the state that we found it: */
      if (umount ("/proc"))
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to umount proc from /proc");
    }

  /* Query the repository configuration - this is an operating system builder
   * choice.  More info: https://github.com/ostreedev/ostree/pull/1767
   */
  const bool sysroot_readonly = sysroot_is_configured_ro (root_arg);
  const bool sysroot_currently_writable = !path_is_on_readonly_fs (root_arg);

  /* Remount root MS_PRIVATE here to avoid errors due to the kernel-enforced
   * constraint that disallows MS_SHARED mounts to be moved.
   *
   * Kernel docs: Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.txt
   */
  if (mount (NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to make \"/\" private mount");

  if (mkdir (TMP_SYSROOT, 0755) < 0)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "couldn't create temporary sysroot %s", TMP_SYSROOT);

  /* Run in the deploy_path dir so we can use relative paths below */
  if (chdir (deploy_path) < 0)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to chdir to deploy_path");

  /* The deploy root starts out bind mounted to sysroot.tmp */
  if (mount (deploy_path, TMP_SYSROOT, NULL, MS_BIND | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to make initial bind mount %s", deploy_path);

  /* This will result in a system with /sysroot read-only. Thus, two additional
   * writable bind-mounts (for /etc and /var) are required later on. */
  if (sysroot_readonly)
    {
      if (!sysroot_currently_writable)
        errx (EXIT_FAILURE, OTCORE_SYSROOT_NOT_WRITEABLE, root_arg);
      /* Pass on the fact that we discovered a readonly sysroot to ostree-remount.service */
      int fd = open (_OSTREE_SYSROOT_READONLY_STAMP, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0644);
      if (fd < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to create %s", _OSTREE_SYSROOT_READONLY_STAMP);
      (void)close (fd);
    }

  /* Prepare /boot.
   * If /boot is on the same partition, use a bind mount to make it visible
   * at /boot inside the deployment. */
  if (snprintf (srcpath, sizeof (srcpath), "%s/boot/loader", root_mountpoint) < 0)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to assemble /boot/loader path");
  if (lstat (srcpath, &stbuf) == 0 && S_ISLNK (stbuf.st_mode))
    {
      if (lstat ("boot", &stbuf) == 0 && S_ISDIR (stbuf.st_mode))
        {
          if (snprintf (srcpath, sizeof (srcpath), "%s/boot", root_mountpoint) < 0)
            err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to assemble /boot path");
          if (mount (srcpath, TMP_SYSROOT "/boot", NULL, MS_BIND | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
            err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to bind mount %s to boot", srcpath);
        }
    }

  /* Prepare /etc.
   * No action required if sysroot is writable. Otherwise, a bind-mount for
   * the deployment needs to be created and remounted as read/write. */
  if (sysroot_readonly)
    {
      /* Bind-mount /etc (at deploy path), and remount as writable. */
      if (mount ("etc", TMP_SYSROOT "/etc", NULL, MS_BIND | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to prepare /etc bind-mount at /sysroot.tmp/etc");
      if (mount (TMP_SYSROOT "/etc", TMP_SYSROOT "/etc", NULL, MS_BIND | MS_REMOUNT | MS_SILENT,
                 NULL)
          < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to make writable /etc bind-mount at /sysroot.tmp/etc");
    }

  /* Prepare /usr.
   * It may be either just a read-only bind-mount, or a persistent overlayfs. */
  if (lstat (".usr-ovl-work", &stbuf) == 0)
    {
      /* Do we have a persistent overlayfs for /usr?  If so, mount it now. */
      const char usr_ovl_options[]
          = "lowerdir=" TMP_SYSROOT "/usr,upperdir=.usr-ovl-upper,workdir=.usr-ovl-work";

      /* Except overlayfs barfs if we try to mount it on a read-only
       * filesystem.  For this use case I think admins are going to be
       * okay if we remount the rootfs here, rather than waiting until
       * later boot and `systemd-remount-fs.service`.
       */
      if (path_is_on_readonly_fs (TMP_SYSROOT))
        {
          if (mount (TMP_SYSROOT, TMP_SYSROOT, NULL, MS_REMOUNT | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
            err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to remount rootfs writable (for overlayfs)");
        }

      if (mount ("overlay", TMP_SYSROOT "/usr", "overlay", MS_SILENT, usr_ovl_options) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to mount /usr overlayfs");
    }
  else
    {
      /* Otherwise, a read-only bind mount for /usr. (Not needed for composefs) */
      if (mount (TMP_SYSROOT "/usr", TMP_SYSROOT "/usr", NULL, MS_BIND | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to bind mount (class:readonly) /usr");
      if (mount (TMP_SYSROOT "/usr", TMP_SYSROOT "/usr", NULL,
                 MS_BIND | MS_REMOUNT | MS_RDONLY | MS_SILENT, NULL)
          < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to bind mount (class:readonly) /usr");
    }

  /* Prepare /var.
   * When a read-only sysroot is configured, this adds a dedicated bind-mount (to itself)
   * so that the stateroot location stays writable. */
  if (sysroot_readonly)
    {
      /* Bind-mount /var (at stateroot path), and remount as writable. */
      if (mount ("../../var", "../../var", NULL, MS_BIND | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to prepare /var bind-mount at %s", srcpath);
      if (mount ("../../var", "../../var", NULL, MS_BIND | MS_REMOUNT | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to make writable /var bind-mount at %s", srcpath);
    }

  /* When running under systemd, /var will be handled by a 'var.mount' unit outside
   * of initramfs.
   * Systemd auto-detection can be overridden by a marker file under /run. */
  bool mount_var = true;

  /* If required, bind-mount `/var` in the deployment to the "stateroot", which is
   *  the shared persistent directory for a set of deployments.  More info:
   *  https://ostreedev.github.io/ostree/deployment/#stateroot-aka-osname-group-of-deployments-that-share-var
   */
  if (mount_var)
    {
      if (mount ("../../var", TMP_SYSROOT "/var", NULL, MS_BIND | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to bind mount ../../var to var");
    }

  if (chdir (TMP_SYSROOT) < 0)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to chdir to " TMP_SYSROOT);

  if (strcmp (root_mountpoint, "/") == 0)
    {
      /* pivot_root rotates two mount points around.  In this instance . (the
       * deploy location) becomes / and the existing / becomes /sysroot.  We
       * have to use pivot_root rather than mount --move in this instance
       * because our deploy location is mounted as a subdirectory of the real
       * sysroot, so moving sysroot would also move the deploy location.   In
       * reality attempting mount --move would fail with EBUSY. */
      if (pivot_root (".", "sysroot") < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to pivot_root to deployment");
    }
  else
    {
      /* In this instance typically we have our ready made-up up root at
       * /sysroot.tmp and the physical root at /sysroot (root_mountpoint).
       * We want to end up with our deploy root at /sysroot/ and the physical
       * root under /sysroot/sysroot as systemd will be responsible for
       * moving /sysroot to /.
       */
      if (mount (root_mountpoint, "sysroot", NULL, MS_MOVE | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to MS_MOVE '%s' to 'sysroot'", root_mountpoint);

      if (mount (".", root_mountpoint, NULL, MS_MOVE | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to MS_MOVE %s to %s", ".", root_mountpoint);

      if (chdir (root_mountpoint) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to chdir to %s", root_mountpoint);

      if (rmdir (TMP_SYSROOT) < 0)
        err (EXIT_FAILURE, "couldn't remove temporary sysroot %s", TMP_SYSROOT);

      if (sysroot_readonly)
        {
          if (mount ("sysroot", "sysroot", NULL, MS_BIND | MS_REMOUNT | MS_RDONLY | MS_SILENT, NULL)
              < 0)
            err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to make /sysroot read-only");

          /* TODO(lucab): This will make the final '/' read-only.
           * Stabilize read-only '/sysroot' first, then enable this additional hardening too.
           *
           * if (mount (".", ".", NULL, MS_BIND | MS_REMOUNT | MS_RDONLY | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
           *   err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to make / read-only");
           */
        }
    }

  /* The /sysroot mount needs to be private to avoid having a mount for e.g. /var/cache
   * also propagate to /sysroot/ostree/deploy/$stateroot/var/cache
   *
   * Now in reality, today this is overridden by systemd: the *actual* way we fix this up
   * is in ostree-remount.c.  But let's do it here to express the semantics we want
   * at the very start (perhaps down the line systemd will have compile/runtime option
   * to say that the initramfs environment did everything right from the start).
   */
  if (mount ("none", "sysroot", NULL, MS_PRIVATE | MS_SILENT, NULL) < 0)
    err (EXIT_FAILURE, "remounting 'sysroot' private");

  execl ("/sbin/init", "/sbin/init", NULL);
  err (EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to exec init inside ostree");
}
